Aproximações heurísticas para um problema de escalonamento do tipo flexible job-shop

Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão IndustrialEste trabalho aborda um novo tipo de problema de escalonamento que pode ser encontrado em várias aplicações do mundo-real, principalmente na indústria transformadora. Em relação à configuração do shop floor, o problema pode ser classificado como flexible job-shop, onde os trabalhos podem ter diferentes rotas ao longo dos recursos e as suas operações têm um conjunto de recursos onde podem ser realizadas. Outras características de processamento abordadas são: datas possíveis de início, restrições de precedência (entre operações de um mesmo trabalho ou entre diferentes trabalhos), capacidade dos recursos (incluindo paragens, alterações na capacidade e capacidade infinita) e tempos de setup (que podem ser dependentes ou independentes da sequência). O objetivo é minimizar o número total de trabalhos atrasados. Para resolver o novo problema de escalonamento proposto um modelo de programação linear inteira mista é apresentado e novas abordagens heurísticas são propostas. Duas heurísticas construtivas, cinco heurísticas de melhoramento e duas metaheurísticas são propostas. As heurísticas construtivas são baseadas em regras de ordenação simples, onde as principais diferenças entre elas dizem respeito às regras de ordenação utilizadas e à forma de atribuir os recursos às operações. Os métodos são designados de job-by-job (JBJ), operation-by-operation (OBO) e resource-by-resource (RBR). Dentro das heurísticas de melhoramento, a reassign e a external exchange visam alterar a atribuição dos recursos, a internal exchange e a swap pretendem alterar a sequência de operações e a reinsert-reassign é focada em mudar, simultaneamente, ambas as partes. Algumas das heurísticas propostas são usadas em metaheurísticas, nomeadamente a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) e a iterated local search (ILS). Para avaliar estas abordagens, é proposto um novo conjunto de instâncias adaptadas de problemas de escalonamento gerais do tipo flexible job-shop. De todos os métodos, o que apresenta os melhores resultados é o ILS-OBO obtendo melhores valores médios de gaps em tempos médios inferiores a 3 minutos.This work addresses a new type of scheduling problem which can be found in several real-world applications, mostly in manufacturing. Regarding shop floor configuration, the problem can be classified as flexible job-shop, where jobs can have different routes passing through resources and their operations have a set of eligible resources in which they can be performed. The processing characteristics addressed are release dates, precedence constraints (either between operations of the same job or between different jobs), resources capacity (including downtimes, changes in capacity, and infinite capacity), and setup times, which can be sequence-dependent or sequence-independent. The objective is to minimise the total number of tardy jobs. To tackle the newly proposed flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP), a mixed integer linear programming model (MILP) is presented and new heuristic approaches are put forward. Three constructive heuristics, five improvement heuristics, and two metaheuristics are proposed. The constructive heuristics are based on simple dispatching rules, where the main differences among them concern the used dispatching rules and the way resources are assigned. The methods are named job-by-job (JBJ), operation-by-operation (OBO) and resource-by-resource (RBR). Within improvement heuristics, reassign and external exchange aim to change the resources assignment, internal exchange and swap intend changing the operations sequence, and reinsert-reassign is focused in simultaneously changing both parts. Some of the proposed heuristics are used within metaheuristic frameworks, namely greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) and iterative local search (ILS). In order to evaluate these approaches, a new set of benchmark instances adapted from the general FJSP is proposed. Out of all methods, the one which shows the best average results is ILS-OBO obtaining the best average gap values in average times lower than 3 minutes

Translation to Portuguese and cultural validation of the Empowerment Assessment Rating Scale

Introduction | To assess the level of community empowerment, Laverack proposes an instrument called the Empowerment Assessment Rating Scale (EARS), which has nine assessment domains related to community empowerment. Objectives | Translate to Portuguese and culturally validate the EARS for an ACeS community, a hospital community, a business community, and a school community. A review of the Portuguese translation was developed, a review group was set up to analyze the resulting document, by consensus a new scale called the Escala de Avaliação do Empoderamento Comunitário (EAvEC) was developed, and the retroversion was developed. Same review group conducted a new evaluation of the resulting version, comparing them with the original in English. The study was carried out at a Hospital in the Azores Archipelago, three Health Centers Organizations in the North of Portugal, an Education-oriented Company in Greater Porto and a School Communityin Mozambique, where the focus group scale was applied based on a problematic chosen for intervention. Results | EVaECretained the nine evaluation domains of the original scale and its translated version did not change after its cultural adaptation. The level of community empowerment was identified in each of the communities, analyzed in the form of a radar chart, with the clustered image of all domains. Discussion / Conclusions | EVaEC is a useful tool for community intervention and is being used to assess community empowerment in the MAIEC project of theCentre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health at Universidade Católica Portuguesa.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Conhecimento, Responsabilidade, Visão e Futuro: bases programáticas da Lista F para o 3.º mandato do Conselho Geral da Universidade de Évora 2016-20

O presente documento inclui o programa de acção e os elementos de campanha da Lista F, candidata ao 3.º mandato do Conselho Geral da Universidade de Évora (2016-20)

Os portugueses e o Testamento Vital

Introduction: It has taken some years since the law (25/2012) was passed and we still do not know about the portuguese population ́s knowledge regarding the Living Will (LW), nor the law effects. Aim; To identify the Portuguese population fraction that believes to know what the LW is and, from those, the fraction that actually knows what it is; to classify the information resources that allowed the Portuguese to know the LW; to identify the number of Portuguese citizens who made the LW and those who registered it in RENTEV; to identify the reasons that led the Portuguese to perform, or not, the living will; to analyze witch factors may influence the knowledge about the law and the decision of doing the LW. Methods:Stratified random sampling, in order to be representative of the portuguese population over 18 years (n=1064); Analytical, cross-sectional, observational study; It has been done trough face-by-face interviews performed. Results: Only 22% of Portuguese Citizens know what Living Will is; This lack of knowledge is not influenced by gender, age or familiar conditions, but it appears to be influenced (p<0.05) by the regional area along the country. The education seems to influence the knowledge about the LW. The ones who have a high level education are those who know more. Respondents reported that the media was the main information source about this document – law (66.2%); Family doctors were responsible for 2.8% of the information and Nurses for only 2.9%. From the 22% that know what Living Will is, only 50.4% know how to do it and who to ask for help. So, only one in ten portuguese know what LW is, how to do it and who to ask for help. Only 1.4 % of the respondents say that have already done the LW, with no registration in the RENTEV; All of those say that had included specific instructions regarding medical care and two thirds (2/3) also included an Healthcare proxy. From those who had not performed the LW 32% think about doing it; 41.1% choose not to do it; 26.1% do not know yet and are not thinking about doing it. The district size and gender do not influence with statistical significance. All of other factors influence de decision about to do or not to do the living will. From the respondents who intend to do the LW, 17.6% want to include that they do not want to be submitted to any futile treatment. Also from this 16.2% intend to authorize the participation in clinical trials; 13.2%, do not want to be submitted to artificial life support; 10.3% wishes to have palliative care; 4.4% does not want to be part of scientific research programs or clinical trials. From the respondents who do not intend to do the LW, 63.5% justify their choice by have not thought about it yet: 22.4% accept life at each moment; 2.4% by mistrusting the healthcare system and its professionals; 11.8% pointed other reasons. Conclusions: There is significant deficit of knowledge about the LW – regarding, not only, the portuguese society, but also the healthcare providers who should never dismiss this responsibility. On the other hand, the respondents who know what LW is did not obtain this knowledge by healthcare providers. In our opinion, because the living will is about healthcare wishes, we consider that the healthcare providers should be the main information source.Introdução: Decorreram alguns anos desde que a Lei 25/2012 foi aprovada e ainda se sabe muito pouco em relação ao conhecimento que a população portuguesa tem em relação ao Testamento Vital e ou seus efeitos. Objetivo: Identificar a proporção da população portuguesa que pensa conhecer em que consta o Testamento Vital (TV) e a que realmente conhece; identificar as fontes que contribuíram para o conhecimento sobre este assunto; identificar o n.º de portugueses que fizeram o TV e que estão registados no RENTEV; identificar as razões que levam os portugueses a realizar ou não o TV e que fatores influenciam o conhecimento e decisões relativas ao TV. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, analítico com amostragem aleatória estratificada representativa da população portuguesa (n=1064), cujo critério de inclusão era ter 18 ou mais anos de idade. A colheita de dados foi efetuada através de questionário preenchido durante entrevista presencial. Resultados: Apenas 22% dos portugueses conhecem de facto o que é o TV; esta ausência de conhecimento não é influenciada pelo género, idade ou situação familiar, mas é-o pela região de residência e pelo nível das habilitações literárias. Foram os meios de comunicação social as principais fontes de conhecimento da Lei (66.2%); os médicos de família foram-no para 2.8% e os enfermeiros para 2.9%. Dos 22% que sabem o que é o TV, apenas 50.4% sabem como o fazer e a quem pedir ajuda. Deste modo, apenas 1:10 portugueses sabe o que é o TV e como o fazer. Apenas 1.4 % tinha feito o TV e sem registo no RENTEV; todos registaram indicações relativas a cuidados médicos e cerca de 2/3 indicaram procurador de cuidados de saúde. Dos que não fizeram o TV, 32% pensam fazê-lo; 41.1% não o farão e 26.1% não querem ainda pensar nisso. A região do país e o género não influenciam a decisão. Todos os restantes fatores influenciam. Dos que pretendem vir a fazer o TV, 17.6% desejam incluir que não querem ser submetidos a terapêuticas fúteis; 16.2% desejam autorizar a sua participação em ensaios clínicos; 13.2%, não desejam estar submetidos a medidas de suporte artificial de vida; 10.3% desejam ter cuidados paliativos; 4.4% não querem fazer parte de estudos de investigação. Dos que não pretendem vir a fazer o TV, 63.5% justificam-no por não terem ainda pensado nisso; 22.4% porque aceitam a vida a cada momento; 2.4% por desconfiança no sistema de saúde e seus profissionais; 11.8% por outras razões. Conclusões: Existe uma significativa falta de conhecimento acerca do Testamento Vital, não apenas na população portuguesa, mas também nos profissionais de saúde que não se deverão demitir desta responsabilidade de informar. Por outro lado, os participantes que têm o adequado conhecimento não o obtiveram a partir dos profissionais de saúde. Em nossa opinião, e porque o TV tem a ver com desejos e preferências sobre cuidados de saúde, os profissionais de saúde deveriam e devem ser a principal fonte de informação da população

Investigating the role of symptom valorisation in tuberculosis patient delay in urban areas in Portugal

URBANTB group: Patrícia Soares (Representative of the consortium), Mário Carreira, Sofia Pereira, Catarina Alves, Filipe Alves, Ana Rodrigues, Ana Moreira, Márcia Cardoso, Sandra Mota, Ana Gomes, Liliana Ferreira, Marta Lopes, Isabel Correia, Juan Rachadell, Maria Gameiro, Ângela Dias, Manuel Pereira, Jorge Gonçalves, Maria Gonçalves, Adriana Taveira, Celene Neves, Lucinda Silva, Maria Mendes, Maria Teixeira, Maria Pereira, Milena Piedade, Antónia Teixeira & Carlos Carvalho.Background: Diagnosis delay contributes to increased tuberculosis (TB) transmission and morbimortality. TB incidence has been decreasing in Portugal, but median patient delay (PD) has risen. Symptom valorisation may determine PD by influencing help-seeking behaviour. We aimed to analyse the association between symptom valorisation and PD, while characterising individuals who disregarded their symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among TB patients in Lisbon and Oporto in 2019 - 2021. Subjects who delayed seeking care because they did not value their symptoms or thought these would go away on their own were considered to have disregarded their symptoms. PD was categorised using a 21-day cut-off, and a 30-day cut-off for sensitivity analysis. We estimated the effect of symptom valorisation on PD through a directed acyclic graph. Then, a multivariable regression analysis characterised patients that disregarded their symptoms, adjusting for relevant variables. We fitted Poisson regression models to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR). Results: The study included 75 patients. Median PD was 25 days (IQR 11.5-63.5), and 56.0% of participants had PD exceeding 21 days. Symptom disregard was reported by 38.7% of patients. Patients who did not value their symptoms had higher prevalence of PD exceeding 21 days compared to those who valued their symptoms [PR 1.59 (95% CI 1.05-2.42)]. The sensitivity analysis showed consistent point estimates but wider confidence intervals [PR 1.39 (95% CI 0.77-2.55)]. Being a smoker was a risk factor for symptom disregard [PR 2.35 (95% CI 1.14-4.82)], while living in Oporto [PR 0.35 (95% CI 0.16-0.75)] and having higher household incomes [PR 0.39 (95% CI 0.17-0.94)] were protective factors. Conclusions: These findings emphasise the importance of symptom valorisation in timely TB diagnosis. Patients who did not value their symptoms had longer PD, indicating a need for interventions to improve symptom recognition. Our findings also corroborate the importance of the socioeconomic determinants of health, highlighting tobacco as a risk factor both for TB and for PD.This work was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) [Grant: PTDC/SAU-PUB/31346/2017]. The present publication was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) national support through Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) [UIDP/04923/2020].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Erratum to: The study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents – ERICA: rationale, design and sample characteristics of a national survey examining cardiovascular risk factor profile in Brazilian adolescents

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Entre consumos suntuários e comuns: a posse de objetos exóticos entre alguns habitantes do Porto (séculos XVI – XVII)

O estudo da documentação referente aos doadores da Misericórdia do Porto entre os séculos XVI e XVII, através dos objetos exóticos patentes nos respectivos testamentos e inven- tários – estes últimos provenientes de uma área que se estende de Macau ao Brasil –, permite discernir uma panóplia de objetos que mudaram a cultura material dos portuenses em contato com os territórios da expansão portuguesa. Um levantamento sistemático permitiu já rastrear, até o ano de 1699, 257 doadores, dos quais se apresentarão aqui apenas alguns, referentes a benfeitores que, não obstante possuírem bens móveis nesse âmbito, não são dados como tendo estado nos territórios de expansão transoceânica. Argumentar-se-á que essa circulação de objetos não foi exclusiva das elites nobiliárquicas, nem dos grandes centros urbanos, pelo que a sua difusão atingiu maiores proporções do que aquelas que a historiografia tem admitido até agora. A cidade em observação neste estudo – o Porto dos séculos XVI e XVII – estava longe de ser das maiores da Europa nesse período, quer em dimensão territorial, quer em efetivos populacionais, embora se situasse numa região de demografia pujante, que canalizou os seus excedentes desde cedo para a emigração interna e externa – o Entre Douro e Minho. Como teremos ocasião de verificar, fidalgos e nobres possuíam bens exóticos, mas estes encontravam-se também entre mercadores e até artesãos mais desafogados. Por outro lado, nem todos os objetos provenientes dos espaços da expansão transoceânica devem ser conotados com bens de luxo.The study of the sources referring to the donors of the Misericórdia of the city of Porto during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has revealed the presence of numerous exotic objects in their last wills and inventories. A survey has traced 257 donors until 1699, some of them having died in an area that extends from Macao to Brazil. Only a small number of cases shall be presented here, pertaining to benefactors who, in spite of owning objects of transoceanic origin, seem to have remained in mainland Portugal. It shall be argued that the circulation of objects has not been exclusive either to the elites of the nobility or to the large urban centres, their diffusion having been on a larger scale than what has been admitted until now. The city under scrutiny in this study – Porto during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries – was not one of the bigger cities in this period, either in what respects to size or population, although it was located in an area of flourishing demography, that channelled its surplus population early on to internal and external emigration. Fidalgos and noblemen owned exotic goods, but these were to be found among merchants and even well-to-do artisans. On the other hand, not all objects originating from the areas of transoceanic expansion should be considered as luxury goods.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Práticas Educomunicativas

Esta publicação pretende divulgar as práticas educomunicativas realizadas em diferentes regiões do país e que estão sendo implantadas por nossos associados. O e-book Práticas Educomunicativas, que visa oferecer um material de uso prático que possa servir de apoio pedagógico em diferentes contextos, escolar ou de ações junto a instituições, apresenta 20 artigos de profissionais e pesquisadores que implementam ações que inter-relacionam comunicação e educação no contexto da educação apontando as experiências e processos de educomunicação e valorizando desta forma, o trabalho realizado por cada educomunicador oferecendo, ao leitor, um material de uso prático que possa servir de apoio pedagógico em diferentes contextos

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue